Joe Muscolino The Art and Science of Kinesiology

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Comment by Joseph E. Muscolino on December 10, 2009 at 10:19pm

I sent the abstracts to everyone who has requested them so far.

I am not familiar with the NASM and Kurz models, at least not by name. Perhaps for myself and some others, it would be beneficial to define/explain them.
I will step in to hopefully clarify some of the science here...

Lower gamma motor neurons set the tension of the muscle spindles by contracting them so they are more sensitive to stretch and therefore more likely to trigger a stretch reflex.
Lower gamma motor neurons are largely controlled by the upper gamma motor neurons from the brain (largely from the brain stem, which is largely controlled by the amygdala, hypothalamus, and cerebellum).
So, stimulating the gamma motor system will increase the tension of the spindles, thereby increasing the stretch reflex, thereby increasing baseline "resting" muscle tone.

Comment by Robert Downes on December 10, 2009 at 8:11pm

The other reason I wanted to start off with the NASM v. Kurz models is that both models give a order sequence and program design parameters.

Comment by Jason Wright on December 10, 2009 at 7:08pm

I would also like that PDF file, Joe. Please send it to jason@bodywright.net Thanks for offering it to us.

Comment by Robert Downes on December 10, 2009 at 4:44pm

I think a good place to start is to first define the models (see my below list and any other models that people want). After defining the models, I would like to start with the NASM static stretch model v. the Kurz model. This specifically addresses Joe's below post about a warmup. NASM now states that a warm up is not necessary. Kurz states that, "Gamma motor neurons, which regulate the muscle spindles' detection of the magnitude of the stretch, are stimulated by the cold center and inhibited by the heat center in your hypothalamus. Motor neurons Gamma are thus easier to activate when your body temperature is low and so your flexibility worsens then."

I also think that we should read Joe's pdf first if possible before posting. In the mean time we can help each other reach a consensus on the various models' definitions.

Comment by Joseph E. Muscolino on December 10, 2009 at 3:37pm

I will mention something regarding the first question about stretching techniques. In my Palpation book (if you are interested, see www.learnmuscles.com and go to the books page), I cover stretching, including "advanced" stretching techniques that include a neural inhibition component. It addresses a number of these questions.

To go on here, I will state that in my opinion, stretching is most always more effective when the client's tissues are first warmed up. That would mean in a session that stretching would best follow the massage to that region, or perhaps logistically at the end of the entire session.
Also, on stretching, I have a pdf of a number of research abstracts on stretching that I could attach to an email. Some of these studies definitely cast doubt on the proposed mechanisms and protocols that we have long considered to be the standard wisdom. If anyone would like these abstracts, send me your email address and I can send them to you.

Comment by Joseph E. Muscolino on December 10, 2009 at 2:00pm

Hmm... All bodywork leads to Rome?!! Sorry for being so corny. I couldn't help it!

I will wait before throwing in two cents on these two topics...

Joe

Comment by Stephen Jeffrey on December 10, 2009 at 10:39am

Hi Robert and everyone,
I would like to start a new topic on time as in session duration. Just look at the long list of stretching techniques Robert has listed, how best do we utilize an ever growing number of techniques ?........Is it time we threw out the 1 hr session and allocated 90 or 120 mins to each session. My 1 hr sessions with chronic clients never run to time or am I allowing myself to get carried away?

As for all the research Tom was talking about and "There's nothing new under the sun of manipulation"surley all thats going to happen is we have a scientific explanation of why the Romans had it right 2,000 yrs ago . = it takes a whole day of hot and cold baths, massage, mud packs, etc etc it will all go full circle!

Session time for everyone = a day at the spa !

Comment by Robert Downes on December 10, 2009 at 9:15am

Hi Joe, I have a suggestion for a new topic (you can start it whenever you want). Here it is: What are the vaious "models" for stretching and what do people think about them. For example, AIS, Kurz, PNF,FMR, Neural, Partner Assisted, Static, Active, Stretch to Win, etc. Also, what is the the Program Design, i.e., what is the reps, sets, speed, time under tension, times of day, times of week. How and when can it be integrated with Manual Therapy?

Comment by Joseph E. Muscolino on December 10, 2009 at 7:22am

Thanks Tom, Michelle, Whitney, Choice, Steve, and everyone who has contributed so far. And thanks Tom for your generous contribution of the myofascial meridian figures and your knowledge for the 3rd edition of the Muscular System Manual!

Yes, we do a wonderful job of reinventing the wheel, don't we?
I once read a history book that described all approaches to knowledge content as being divided into "lumpers" and "splitters." The splitters split everything apart and look at all the wonderful separate individual parts and speak of the uniqueness of each one and how it should be examined separately. Then a generation later, the lumpers come along and lump all the pieces together into a whole and say, but no, look at the whole of the parts; see how they all really fit together and are one and really not separate. Then another generation later, the splitters reemerge and point out the differences of the parts, etc etc. Induction, reduction. There is always a truth to both.
Dealing with new students, although it is essential to point out the big picture, the whole usually needs to be divided into separate pieces so each bit can be learned and digested. But, then, they must be put back together again!

Look out for the next topic... (or someone create one for us) :)

Comment by Thomas Myers on December 10, 2009 at 6:43am

Ida Rolf once straightened up from the table in one of our classes to intone, "There's nothing new under the sun of manipulation". Nimmo, Rolf, Still, Barnes, Mattes, and all of us keep re-inventing what has gone before in different formats with different names. I suppose research might result in something truly new coming up. They seem inordinately fond of machines in the research world, and I believe that in the end they will find something irreducible in the human hand - 4 million years of on the job training! What is new is the view we take on the system - moving from reductionist particulate kind of thinking to a systemic and integrative paradigm will have us applying these old techniques in new and more effective (or so I believe) sequences.

Good luck with your new group - and your new book is fabulous (I would say that, I'm in the back!). What a lot of work these books turn out to be.

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